“With Liberty and Justice for All” Free Essays

An assessment of the social imbalance that exists in accordance with Gay Marriage Aimee L. Vroman Strayer University Online Introduction to Sociology SOC 100-015016 Professor Paul Humenik August 22, 2010 Abstract as of late, the discussion over same-sex marriage has developed from an issue that every so often emerged in a couple of states to an across the country contention. Without a doubt, over the most recent five years, the discussion over gay marriage has been heard in the corridors of the U. We will compose a custom article test on â€Å"With Liberty and Justice for All† or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now S. Congress, at the White House, in many state assemblies and courts, and in the talk of political races at both the national and state levels. In addition, the fight about whether gays and lesbians ought to be permitted to marry gives no indications of lessening. In the most recent year alone, three states have prohibited same-sex marriage and four states have legitimized the training. The ideal opportunity for banter is presently finished. The issue of gay marriage isn't one of strict debasement, social disintegration, or even moral breakdown. It is an issue of unavoidable rights ensured to all residents of this nation. The way that our government doesn't perceive gay relationships is a barbarity and disgraceful, best case scenario. â€Å"The establishment to gay rights will at last be viewed as the option to wed, in light of the fact that with that privilege solidly settled in law, most different types of separation couldn't be advocated. † (Bidstrup, Why Gays Should Be Allowed To Marry, 1996) When we as a general public look outwards, we see everything that we can do to enable different social orders to achieve our degree of equity, individual and monetary achievement, opportunities, and everything else that accompanies our insight and diligence. In any case, on the off chance that we as a general public were to search internally at ourselves (something that I am sure that lone a little level of our general public is happy to do) and at our general public overall, would we see it from an alternate perspective? Would we see that much following fifty years of social liberties and equivalent open door that we despite everything persecute and treat a few gatherings of our general public as peasants? Our country’s Bill of Rights has been adjusted by Constitutional Amendments to state the every single American resident has certain basic rights. The option to be hitched is one that we Americans hold important to us. Why at that point, is this specific right denied to the gay network? One of the greatest and most intense contentions against gay marriage in this nation is that it is against God and that it is against what it says in the Bible (The Adam and Eve, not Adam and Steve contention). Truly, this nation was established on Christian standards and laws that were seen to be reasonable for the entirety of its populace. Nonetheless, this isn't the seventeen hundreds nor is it the hour of the Inquisition. This is the alleged Modern Era, wherein not just innovation and fund should be overhauled and ever improving yet in addition cultural acknowledgment of individuals that are unique in relation to what we see as standard and the cultural standard. By what means can there be cultural equity for the gay network when we as a general public, who declare ourselves to be illuminated and ground breaking, deny even this generally fundamental of rights to the gay network? The appropriate response is basic; there can be no cultural equity for the gay network in this angle. Imagine a scenario in which we were to reverse the situation on society and tell everybody that isn't a piece of the gay network that their relationships, common associations, and different types of organization were invalid and no longer existed according to the administration. There would be a cultural change. Disorder would follow and the administration would be disassembled by the individuals. Afterward, when the individuals had concluded that there had been sufficient mayhem, changed by the individuals and for the individuals. The main explanation this has not occurred with the gay network is on the grounds that they are the minority for this situation. For a considerable length of time of our country’s history, we have been blameworthy of mistreating and in any event, subjugating the minorities inside our general public, to avoid anything related to denying them the natural rights called for in our own Constitution. After some time, those minorities that have battled and contended energetically for these rights have in the end been managed these rights by Constitutional Amendments. However still, here we sit in the twenty-first century, we despite everything can't see past our own inclinations and our profound established feelings of dread of whatever is extraordinary or in opposition to us. By the day's end, our resistance to gay marriage stems at last from a profound seeded homophobia in our way of life and society, borne for the most part out of strict preference. While a large number of us don't understand that homophobia exists to the degree that it does, it is an undeniable piece of each gay person’s life, much the same as prejudice is an undeniable piece of each African American’s life. It is there, it is unavoidable, and it has unmistakably more genuine ramifications for our general public than the vast majority of us understand, for gay individuals, yet for society when all is said in done. This strict bias originates from a few notable substances. Those substances incorporate, yet are not constrained to, the Catholic Church, the Mormon Church, the American Family Association, and Focus on the Family, and the most traditionalist of Protestant factions. Along with their different political auxiliary gatherings, an entire host of littler traditional political and strict associations, and a couple out-right despise gatherings, they are molding national and nearby strategy towards the gay network. They burn through a huge number of dollars curving and disfiguring choices, recommendations, and other neighborhood instruments of law exclusively with the end goal of dread mongering to startle the masses into line at the surveys. It is these sorts of strategies being utilized that are obsolete and completely wrong in the good and moral sense. They state that cash adulterates; well the confirmation is in the famous pudding. The dread mongering transforms into unrivaled despise and it is powered by these supposed â€Å"Christian† associations. This is in opposition to the Christian lifestyle and as opposed to the feelings of a Christian. Contempt without anyone else, spruced up as strict doctrine has been utilized for such a long time that it is starting to lose its viability (in the end individuals start to make sense of that it is generally a strategy for filling seats, assortment plates and battle coffers more than it is a method of transforming lost spirits and improving society), so the more sharp of these associations have started to move onto a smooth purposeful publicity exertion dependent on that long-lasting most loved champ, dread (Bidstrup, Gay Marriage: The Arguments and Motives, 2009). The ideal opportunity for talk and Bible pounding is finished. Our nation had its season of strict transformation. It is presently an ideal opportunity for each individual, paying little heed to sex, race, strict conviction, or sexual direction, to be given the rights that our laws and customs give. This thought has been the foundation of our general public and our country for many years. â€Å"We can't acknowledge the view that Amendment 2’s forbiddance on explicit legitimate assurances does close to deny gay people of uncommon rights. Despite what might be expected, the revision forces an extraordinary incapacity on those people alone. Gay people are illegal the protections that others appreciate or may look for without limitation. (Kennedy, Stevens, O’Connor, Souter, Ginsburg, amp; Breyer, 1996) In the Supreme Court assessment that this statement is taken from, it says doubtlessly that a state (Colorado for this situation) can't keep any gathering of people from participating in any open or private exchange. In spite of the fact that this case was fervently bantered throughout t he following fifteen years, Colorado in 2007 passed a law forbidding any oppression gay people. Presently in the event that one state can do this and, at that point another and afterward another, for what reason is it so difficult for our governmentally chosen authorities to do something very similar? The main answer that I can give is the activists, despise gatherings, and church lobbyists that toss a great many dollars into the coffers of our Senators and Congressman. This messy cash guarantees that by and by they will get chose and that by and by they will cast a ballot to keep the gay network as peasants. This situation is inadmissible. The ideal opportunity for change is currently. Opportunity is the privilege of each American paying little mind to sex, race, strict association, and sexual direction. Ample opportunity has already past that we, as a general public, stand up and state in one brought together voice, â€Å"This isn't right and we won't represent it any more! Works Cited Bidstrup, S. (2009, June 3). Gay Marriage: The Arguments and Motives. Recovered August 19, 2010, from Bidstrup. com: http://www. bidstrup. com/marriage. htm Bidstrup, S. (1996, December 4). Why Gays Should Be Allowed To Marry. Recovered August 18, 2010, from Bidtrsup. com: http://www. bidstrup. com/hawaii. htm Kennedy, A. M. , Stevens, J. P. , O’Connor, S. D. , Souter, D. H. , Ginsburg, R. B. , amp; Breyer, S. G. (1996, October 20). Incomparable Court Bound Volume 517. Recovered August 18, 2010, from United States Supreme Court: http://www. supremecourt. gov/feelings/boundvolumes/517bv. pdf Step by step instructions to refer to â€Å"With Liberty and Justice for All†, Papers

free america :: essays research papers

free americaaâ â â â â      Is opportunity truly free? We as a whole state we live in a free society, however in the event that you stroll over the road with out a cross walk you could be captured! In what manner would that be able to be opportunity, when you take a gander at it that way It dosent truly appear to be free. There has been significant accomplishments in history to make our reality free with out inquiry. We the American individuals have strived for a considerable length of time to keep America free we battled the British to be free and make a lovely nation , we battled for the liberating of the slaves in the Civil War, additionally the nazi’s in World War Two who where attempting to put an extremist government rule on Germany and the world. (The specific opsite of opportunity).      They state that Freedom includes some major disadvantages ; why a cost on opportunity dosent that rout the reason? Wont that nullify opportunity in the event that you need to surrender something for it? Opportunity appears to me to be something that is with out cost, unexchangeable for anything ,any explanation, any objective. Its indispensable in every expressive sense it has and speaks to. It holds and maintains freedom, autonomy, benefit, and permit to be and to carry on with your life as you see appropriate. Opportunity is available to any individual who will battle for its reality if that battle is just to state that they long for it.      On the most part we consider opportunity to be free, on the off chance that we need to go out at 3:00 a.m. in the early morning for dessert and shotgun shells we are â€Å"Free† to do only that.  â â â â We as American residents are habituate to numerous opportunities that we at times take for allowed, for example, the opportunity to take a stand in opposition to any individual who is attempting to infarct upon our common freedoms, the option to pick who will speak to us to the remainder of the world, and the opportunity to make and change any standard put forward on the off chance that it doesn't have any significant bearing.

Connecticut College Essay Samples - How to Write a College Essay

Connecticut College Essay Samples - How to Write a College EssayThe use of essay samples, however the problem with Connecticut college essay samples is that you don't know what you are getting until you actually start writing your essay. That's why I've tried to make this a little easier for you with this guide to Connecticut college essay samples. Hopefully by now you can follow along and figure out what is involved with writing an essay.Before starting any essay, it is imperative that you set up your environment properly. You need to know exactly where you want to start writing, and what you are going to do once you have started. This will ensure that you don't mess up anything because you won't know where you should start or what to do.One of the most important things when learning how to write a college essay is that you know how to structure your thoughts and ideas. The way you structure your essay should be similar to the way you structure your other essays, whether they are hi gh school or college level. Structure allows you to know what your point is and how to best express that point. If you don't know how to structure your essay, it is highly likely that you will end up having a very difficult time.Now that you know how to structure your essay, it is time to learn how to choose a Connecticut college essay sample. You should pick a sample that is a few years old, because those are often the easiest to use.You should also choose a sample that has many examples in the text, as this lets you know what to look for, especially if you are beginning to write. If you are unsure of how to choose a Connecticut college essay sample, you can search online for sample texts, as long as you know how to choose the correct ones.Another thing you need to know about writing Connecticut college essays is that you need to write in a particular order. Using a particular format will help you tell the story in a more concise way. When you know how to structure your essay, you will know exactly what to do when you need to find the proper section or topic to begin your essay with.When you are beginning to write your Connecticut college essay, remember that there are usually two types of sections: narrative and analytical. Just like how you would structure a high school essay, you need to be able to identify what type of essay you want to write and then plan accordingly.Overall, when you are learning how to write a college essay, it is imperative that you take all the necessary steps to be successful. By following these tips, you will be able to finish your essay in record time. No more fishy Connecticut college essay samples, just a high quality, error free essay that you can be proud of.

A Traumatic Brain Injury - 1708 Words

A traumatic brain injury (â€Å"TBI†) occurs when the brain is somehow injured, rattled, or wounded from an external source of force. The means of acquisition and the severity of TBIs are unique to each patient; therefore, symptoms and rehabilitation can vary greatly depending on the patient’s condition following the incident and how they sustained the injury. The severity of a TBI is generally classified into one of three categories: mild, moderate, or severe, and this type of diagnostic criteria influences how a patient with TBI is treated by medical staff and rehabilitation specialists. TBIs can affect a specific part of the brain that was directly impacted, leaving the patients with only one or a few areas of impairment, or the damage can†¦show more content†¦Percentages of favorable recovery outcomes in the â€Å"other incidents† group ranged from 26% for gunshot wounds to 100% for shaken baby syndrome (Madjan et al. 804). This wide range of scores indicates that the â€Å"other incidents† category was likely too generalized to produce significant results. The above mentioned research study did not control for the age of traumatic brain injury patients in such a way that patients could be compared on this basis. Research on brain damage (due to traumatic brain injury, substance abuse, and other means of neurological harm) and the effects of age on the likelihood of extensive recovery has been conducted over the past several decades in the fields of both medicine and psychology, and conflicting evidence exists. Some studies suggest that young brains are more vulnerable to irreversible brain damage due to the underdevelopment of neurons and brain structures, while other studies indicate that the brains of older individuals are less â€Å"plastic† than in younger individuals, making them less resilient to damage. To study the outcomes of pediatric traumatic brain injury as opposed to traumatic brain injury in adulthood, Catroppa et al. conducted research on children that had suffered a TBI between the ages of one and seven years. P articipants were recruitedShow MoreRelatedTraumatic Brain Injuries772 Words   |  4 PagesEffects may be long term or short term, depending on the gravity of the incident. Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a serious public health problem in the United States. Based on recent studies, on average, 1.7 million people endure a traumatic brain injury each year. The leading causes of Traumatic Brain Injuries are falls, motor vehicle accidents, struck by or against objects, and assaults. The initial blow causes the brain to bounce around and twist hitting the bony interior wall of the skull or anRead MoreTraumatic Brain Injury1030 Words   |  5 Pagesto provide therapeutic and counseling services that assist persons suffering with traumatic brain injury (TBI) or acquired brain injury (ABI) in coping and recovering from the mental illnesses that often accompany such tragedies. TBI/ABI has shown a proven link with â€Å"anxiety, depression, personality changes, aggression (National Alliance on Mental Illness Veterans Resource Center May 8, 2009 Traumatic Brain Injury)†, as well as many other issues. As the caregiver for a survivor of a rare and deadlyRead MoreSymptoms And Injuries Of A Traumatic Brain Injury841 Words   |  4 Pages Nearly two million people experience a traumatic brain injury (TBI) every year. The degree of severit y from the incident may range from no underlying brain injury to severe compression of brain tissue. Irregular interior surface of skull can damage fragile tissues of brain during acceleration, deceleration, or shearing forces. Direct mechanical trauma can injure cortical tissue. Traumatic hematomas can damage subcortical structures and lead to vasospasm and ischemia. Sudden movement of skull onRead MoreTraumatic Brain Injury Essay1243 Words   |  5 PagesTraumatic Brain Injury Traumatic brain injury, also called acquired brain injury or simply head injury, is a result of a sudden blow to the head when an external force is applied causing a disruption of the physiological stability of the brain locally. It can also occur when an object pierces the skull and enters the brain tissue and when elevation in the intracranial pressure occurs and potentially dramatic changes in the blood flow within and to the brain. These changes may produce a diminishedRead MoreTraumatic Brain Injury Essay1046 Words   |  5 PagesInjury Stats Roughly 1.4 million people sustain a traumatic brain injury every year in the United States.1 Of these 1.4 million, 235,000 injuries are severe enough to require hospitalization—and 50,000 result in death. More than half (over 700,000) of all of these yearly brain injuries are from sports-related activities, falls, and physical assaults. In the year 2000, traumatic brain injury cost an estimated $60 billion in the United States, totaled in both direct medical fees and indirect costsRead MoreIntroduction Of Traumatic Brain Injury897 Words   |  4 PagesOutline I. The Brain II. Introduction of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) a. TBI sustained in combat zones i. Degrees of TBI ii. Causes of TBI while deployed 1. Concussion management iii. Why it is a problem III. Who Should Be Screened And How a. Suspected patients b. Methods of screening i. Rapid field screening ii. Further evaluation IV. Interventions and Treatment a. Deployed interventions i. Medications b. Nursing Interventions i. Manage symptoms ii. Family education. The human brain is a scientificRead MoreBrain Studies on Traumatic Brain Injuries1953 Words   |  8 Pagesfrom a traumatic brain injury. While working at a railroad site, an iron tamping rod (43 inches long, 1.25 diameter) went through his left cheek, through his brain, and out the skull. He surprisingly ended up surviving this traumatic injury. After a month in the hospital, he was back out on the street. Once a nice, caring person, Phineas turned into an aggressive man who could not even keep a job. Just like Phineas Gage, a TBI can potentially change everything. Brain studies on traumatic brain injuriesRead MoreTraumatic Effects Of Traumatic Brain Injury1278 Words   |  6 PagesTraumatic Brain Injury Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of death and long-term disability in children (Kraus, 1995). It is an acquired brain injury that occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain (NIH,2016). The symptoms for Traumatic Brain Injury include frequent headaches, lightheadedness and dizziness. An individual may experience having blurred vision tired eyes, and fatigue. Even stressors prior to having an injury can contribute to the result of postRead MoreImaging Of Traumatic Brain Injuries Essay1585 Words   |  7 PagesImaging of Traumatic Brain Injuries: An Investigative Report INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) consist of pathological intracranial characteristics of altered brain function cause by an outside force. TBI’s have plagued emergency rooms in recent years. TBI’s are the number one cause for death and disability in American youth and young adults. The drastic increase in TBI prognosis has been credited for reasons such as; increased competitiveness in sports, increased speeds of automobilesRead MoreEssay on Traumatic Brain Injury1034 Words   |  5 PagesTraumatic brain injury occurs when a person is hit in the head with a blunt force. This significant force to the head can happen playing recreational sports, on the playground, being in a car or motorcycle accident, falling down at home and your head impacting something, a blast or explosion. Traumatic brain injuries are also the leading cause of fatality rate and disability, especially in children, young adults and elderly. TBI is a devastating condition that affects millions of p eople nationwide

Yutyrannus Facts and Figures

Name: Yutyrannus (Mandarin/Greek for feathered tyrant); pronounced YOU-tih-RAN-usHabitat: Woodlands of AsiaHistorical Period: Early Cretaceous (130 million years ago)Size and Weight: About 30 feet long and 1-2 tonsDiet: MeatDistinguishing Characteristics: Large size; short arms; bipedal posture; long, downy feathers About Yutyrannus For the past couple of decades, paleontologists have been speculating about whether or not large tyrannosaurs like Tyrannosaurus Rex and Albertosaurus sported feathers—if not as adults, then perhaps at some stage during their hatchlinghood, youth, or adolescence. Now, the recent discovery in China of the largest feathered tyrannosaur yet identified, Yutyrannus, is sure to rekindle the debate about whether T. Rex and its ilk were green, scaly and reptilian (as theyre usually depicted in the movies) or soft and downy, like giant baby ducks. The early Cretaceous Yutyrannus, which weighed in the neighborhood of one or two tons, isnt the first feathered tyrannosaur ever identified; that honor belongs to the much smaller Dilong, a 25-pound Yutyrannus contemporary that was only about the size of a large turkey. Its also important to keep in mind that we have reams of fossil evidence for feathered theropods (meat-eating dinosaurs) that dont happen to be tyrannosaurs, some of which attained equally respectable sizes, if not quite in Yutyrannus weight class. (One contender would be the truly enormous, and appropriately named, Gigantoraptor). The important question now confronting paleontologists is, why did tyrannosaurs like Yutyrannus evolve feathers in the first place? Flight was out of the question for a 2,000-pound theropod, so the most likely explanation involves some combination of sexual selection (perhaps brightly feathered Yutyrannus males were more attractive to females) and insulation (feathers, like hair, help to regulate the metabolism of warm-blooded vertebrates, which theropods almost certainly were).

Analysis Of The Movie Madame Butterfly Essay - 1282 Words

Madame Butterfly On October 1st 2016, the Houston Ballet revives famous choreographer, Stanton Welch’s signature â€Å"Madame Butterfly†. The dance performance takes at place at the Houston ballet at Wortham Theater Center, Downton Houston Texas. The Houston Ballet Company, established in 1955, is the fourth largest ballet company is the United States which produces more than 70 dance performances in a year. The company’s artistic director, Stanton Welch is an acclaimed Australian choreographer who has revitalized the ballet company by bringing in fresh dancers, commissioning new works, and attracting top flight artistic staff to the city of Houston. He has also created works for prestigious international companies like the San Francisco Ballet and the Birmingham Royal Ballet. To start with, the mood in any dance can sometimes become the most important facet of the performance. Also, certain elements must combine to create the desired mood to strike the right connection between the audience and the choreographer. Madame Butterfly, dramatically chronicles the love story of the beautiful, geisha Cio-Cio San who is betrothed to marry an American lieutenant, Pinkerton. The production unfolds on Peter Farmer’s picturesque sets, which beautifully evoke the mystery and apathy of the 19th century Japan. The appearance of the dancers on stage is quite thrilling with each choreographer displaying veryShow MoreRelatedLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pageslooking at alternative actions that can be taken, then considering the probable good consequences of each action and the probable bad consequences while weighing the positive and negative impact of each consequence. It’s a kind of cost-benefit analysis. Exercises 1. Columbus Day is an American holiday. Write a short essay that weighs the pros and cons and then comes to a decision about whether there should be more or less public celebration (by Americans and their institutions) on Columbus

Equus free essay sample

This paper is a critique of the play Equus. This is an in-depth review of a production of the play Equus. It looks at every element involved in the production and execution of the play from the lighting, stage design, costumes, up to and including the level of the acting itself. The cold feeling was even emphasized by the actors. The actor that played Alan several times in the show wrapped his arms tightly against his body and rubbed them, like people do when they are cold. Alans father Frank Strang did a very good job seeming impersonal and distant to all of the other actors he encountered. The actors over all did a fairly good job, although in the beginning they did drop several lines. I was impressed at how well the actors in the horse costumes portrayed real horses. A horse tends to be moving a lot but with only subtle movements, and the actors did just that. We will write a custom essay sample on Equus or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was also a great idea, in my opinion, to have cast come out of the audience because it in essence, bring the audience into the show.

Stake Of Labor And WTO Essays - World Trade Organization

Stake Of Labor And WTO Stake of Labor in the WTO Seven years of trade negotiations at last gave birth to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995, the U.S. labor movement was one of its leading skeptics. A world trade organization, labor supporters argued, would only accelerate the headlong rush to laissez-faire by dismantling national regulations. It would overwhelm attempts by nations to defend living standards and the ability of unions to fight for wages and health and safety laws?and it would make it harder for nations to defend the rights of workers to join unions. Labor lobbied hard against the WTO. But now, ironically, the WTO could become a critical venue for advancing workers' rights worldwide. For the WTO has the power to review nations' domestic laws that create unfair trade advantages including, potentially, labor laws. The WTO could define fair trade to include labor standards. Such linkage would be a historic change in the world's trading regime, and labor's stake in it. The idea of linking labor rights with trade policy has been around since shortly after World War II when efforts to create an international trading regime began in earnest. However, the WTO represents the first opportunity since 1948 to give the issue serious attention. Proponents of linking labor rights to trade rules build on the conventional case for free trade. For international commerce to be free, markets within countries must not be rigged to encourage exports and discourage imports. This is the fundamental principle of free trade and it is the central precept of the WTO. Labor markets are a special case, because they are not conventional free markets. Minimum-wage laws and guarantees of free collective bargaining change the wages that market forces might otherwise produce. But the economic mainstream in advanced industrial countries has long accepted that some regulation of wages and working conditions can enhance overall economic efficiency, as well as fairness. If employers are compelled to treat workers decently, they will deploy them more productively. By that logic, certain labor practices common in undemocratic countries, such as child labor, prison labor, and denial of the right to form unions, can be seen as unfair trade practices?and, potentially, violations of WTO principles that trade should reflect acceptable rules of market competition. Since wages affect all traded products and services, labor issues are central to the ultimate credibility of the WTO as the arbiter of a consistent rule-based international trading system. To the extent that wages are artificially held down because labor rights are abrogated, an indirect subsidy is extracted from these workers by their governments' policies, which arguably violate the WTO's free trade philosophy. During the WTO's second-year review in late 1996 in Singapore, the United States actively sought to link labor rights with trade. However, this effort was blocked by a coalition of Third World nations (who saw the initiative as a form of protectionism) and the European Union (which was then dominated by conservative governments). Nonetheless, the attempt put the U.S. government on the side of trade-labor linkage and forced WTO members to officially consider the issue of linkage for the first time. Even Sir Leon Brittain, the Thatcherite vice-president of the EU who actively opposed trade-labor linkage, was compelled by sister EU governments to affirm that "labor standards and other apparently domestic political issues are now the legitimate concern of the WTO because they are concerns of our constituents." The United States, according to the U.S. Trade Representative's office in Geneva, will continue pushing for linkage. THE ORIGINS OF THE WTO Established in the wake of World War II, the WTO's predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) formed the third pillar of the Bretton Woods system, which included economic development loans through the World Bank and monetary stabilization via the International Monetary Fund. While the IMF and the World Bank date to the original Bretton Woods conference of June 1944, trade rules were first addressed in a 1946 meeting that set tariff levels and developed a draft charter for an International Trade Organization (ITO) that was presented at the 1948 UN Conference on Trade and Employment in Havana. John Maynard Keynes, the original architect of the Bretton Woods system, had hoped to develop worldwide trading rules that would avoid the destructive protectionism prevalent during the Great Depression, while preserving a commitment to full employment. The ITO charter contained sections on employment, commodity agreements, business practices, international investment, and services. However, the ITO was to be stillborn. And the prominence of employment in the construction of the 1948 ITO would be lost

Top 10 Great Companies Hiring This Summer

Top 10 Great Companies Hiring This Summer Looking for a job right now? Summer might typically be a time for slowing down, but if you’re in need of finding work ASAP, there are a few amazing places looking to grow their ranks and do so immediately. Try applying at these great companies first. There are recruiters at each looking for candidates just like you!1. ZendeskZendesk is hiring in San Francisco, NYC, Madison, and more, plus remote positions. You’ll do best if you’re a good match for these positions: Account Executive, Senior DevOps Engineer, Sales Development Representative, University Recruiting Specialist, Senior Database Administrator, and Senior Video Editor, but there are many more. Employees say the company is great for coworker engagement and bonding.2. Dow JonesAt Dow Jones, or at subsidiary brands like brands such as The Wall Street Journal, Newswires, Factiva, Barron’s, MarketWatch, and Financial News, you will find open positions in all departments at the moment.3. HayneedleHaynee dle is hiring in CA and NE. There are open positions for  Workforce Coordinators, Pricing Analysts, Digital Category Owners, Customer Care Specialists, Directors of Customer Acquisition, Project Managers, Domestic Transportation Specialists, and Work-from-Home Online Retail Specialists, but it’s worth a shot no matter what if you’re interested in joining the team.4. Citizen SchoolsHelp all children discover and harness their potential to achieve their dreams. This company partners with public middle schools in under-served communities. Hop on board as a Teaching Fellow this summer. A home base of  California, NY, NJ, or MA is a plus!5. ClouderaThis Apache Hadoop software company is hiring. If you’re into data and data storage, snag one of their numerous open positions while you can.6. AmazonThis behemoth has a huge list of open positions in a wide variety of states. If you’re a Data Scientist, Part-Time Seasonal Shipping and Receiving Associate, Senio r HR Leader, Solutions Architect, Economist, UX Researcher, Curriculum Developer, Global Practice Manager, Technical Writer, Software Development Engineer, Art Director, Big Data Consultant, or just really keen to work for Amazon, now’s your chance.7. GlassdoorWith multiple openings here and in the UK/Ireland, this company is specifically looking for Salesforce Solution Architects, Lead Data Scientists, Marketing Analytics Managers, Software Engineering Interns, Sales Development Representatives, Directors of Product Marketing, Directors of Global Sales Enablement, Collateral Designers, Lead Technical Recruiters, and Senior Directors of Revenue, among others.8. AddThisIf you’re passionate about the web, this marketing technology company might be a great and innovative fit for you. They’re looking for new designers, engineers, and sales geniuses!9. ViroolThis company is one of the fastest-growing video advertising platforms, with a global network of over 100 mill ion viewers. They need to grow their team in order to keep up their current rate of growth. Get in while you can!10. Delta AirlinesHiring Graduate Interns, Station Managers, Ground Maintenance Mechanics, System Engineers, Shop Equipment Technicians, Lead Supply Attendants, Specialist-Reliability Programs, Managers, Aviation Maintenance Techs, Baggage Handlers, Customer Service Agents, and others- all across the country. If you want a job fast, plus travel benefits, then look no further for a good place to apply.

Double-Entry Bookkeeping Systems Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Double-Entry Bookkeeping Systems - Assignment Example Both the debit and the credit sides were introduced in order to ensure that errors were not committed and this would further be proofed when the debit and the credit sides would match at the end of the specified accounting period. In case the debit and the credit sides do not match at the end of the accounting period, there is a severe possibility that an error has been committed. The entries are recorded within three broad classifications; Assets, Liabilities and Equity/Capital. Hence the equation is: Though the double entry system has been created to avoid errors and misstatements, there are several ways through which errors are committed although the double entries are made correctly. Those errors pre-dominantly include these factors: The book keeping system, nowadays, is usually carried out through sophisticated computer accounting softwares. These softwares require appropriate training for their operation and hence it makes it difficult for an amateur to properly understand the double entry book keeping system using such accounting softwares (Mason,

State of the State Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

State of the State Speech - Essay Example His sole reference to the end of the recession is a painfully general statement asserting job growth. This job growth reference is sandwiched between references to the "dark clouds" of the past, the "parting clouds" of the past couple of months, and the sunshine waiting just around the corner (Perdue, 2006: np). The type of job growth is not discusses, no statistics are provided, and there is no discussion regarding the causes for this sudden increase in employment. In short, the overwhelming majority of his time sounds more like a weather report than a discussion of the state of the economy. He then quickly turns from employment to the issue of government spending. There are inconsistencies as the Governor details his plans for government spending in the 2007 fiscal year. He begins on an optimistic note, stating that the Georgia has experienced a windfall of 1.25 billion dollars in revenues. There are no explanations. He does not cite increased tax receipts, increased taxes, or any other sources for this revenue. The observer is left to ponder where this money has come from in a recessionary economy. He then details his spending plans for this billion dollars. He plans to restore previously cut programs for education, health, and social welfare. This is where the inconsistency arises.

Ocean Parks Business Level Strategy approaches

Ocean Parks Business Level Strategy approaches The Ocean Park has been opened in Hong Kong for more than 30 years, the Ocean Park have already been a special logo to the Hong Kong residents and a famous scenic spot for the foreign visitors. As per the mission statement from the Park is provides all guests with memorable experiences that combine entertainment and education, while inspiring lifelong learning and conservation advocacy. The Ocean Park is doing the entertainment businesses in Hong Kong with its theme park that delivers the integrated entertainment services to its guests. This paper will study the business level strategy approaches by using different analytical tools to analyze the related industry environment and the macro-environment that the Park is doing business with. Furthermore, it will also study the internal and external environment that would leads to some threats or opportunities for its further development. Chapter 1 Introduction Ocean Park Hong Kong, a theme park operates by the Ocean Park Corporation that delivers entertainment business in Hong Kong. The Park was officially opened in 1977 by the then Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Murray MacLehose. It was built at a cost of HK$150 million funded by the Hong Kong Jockey Club and free land provided by the Hong Kong Government. The Park is situated on the southern side of Hong Kong Island and it is the Hong Kong primer educational and entertainment theme park that covers more than 870,000 square meters of land and features a diverse selection of world-class marine attraction, thrill rides and shows divided into three major areas: Lowland, Headland and Tai Shue Wan. Over the years, the Park has consistently rejuvenated and reinvented itself to better serve its guests, establishing itself as a major tourist attraction both locally and abroad. Since its opening more than 30 years ago, over 95 million guests have visited Ocean Park. Over 5 million guests visit The Ocean Park each year. Being the one of the largest theme park in Hong Kong, Ocean Park delivers not only thrill rides but also the educational and conservation of wildlife and habitats through various campaigns. The Ocean Park Conservation Foundation (OPCF) was found in 1993 and the Foundation wished to significantly improve the attitudes and practices towards conservation in Hong Kong and Asia through cooperative programs with other conservation organizations. Not even at all, The Hong Kong Society for Panda Conservation (HKSPC) was also launched in 1999 to educate the community and support conservation of the giant pandas and their habitat. Both the HKSPC and OPCF were merged into a single organization on 1 July 2005 as the Ocean Park Conservation Foundation Hong Kong (OPCFHK). Vision and Mission The vision of Ocean Park is aspires to be a world leader in providing excellent guest experiences in a theme park environment connecting people with nature, whilst the Mission of the Park is to provides all guests with memorable experiences that combine entertainment and education, while inspiring lifelong learning and conservation advocacy. Our aim is to maintain a healthy financial status, while striving to deliver the highest standards of safety, animal care, products and guest service. Furthermore, the Park expresses its core value by several elements: Fun, Service, Safety, Education and Conservation and Respect for People. (Ocean Park, Corporation Information. URL: http://www.oceanpark.com.hk/html/en/footer/corporate-information/vision.html) The key stakeholders would be those customers that have the expectation to the Ocean Park which a theme park could provide with special features together with exciting, education and conservation. With its vision, mission and core values, the Park has differentiate itself from the other theme parks which it aims to provide elements of entertainment, education and conservation at an affordable price to meet with its customers expectation. In this report, the objectives are to analyszs the current position of the Ocean Park through various analytical tools and to find out its strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and finally makes recommendation to encounter the potential risks. Chapter 2 Analysis 2.1 Porter 5 Forces Analysis Porters five forces is a framework for the industry analysis and business strategy development developed by Michael E. Porter. It is an analytical tool to analyses and determines the competitive intensity and therefore the attractiveness of the market. The tool is referred to these five forces as the micro environment and the more intense study to the market competition. Yet competition for profit goes beyond established industry rivals to include four other competitive forces as well: customers, suppliers, potential entrants, and substitute products. The extended rivalry that results from all five forces defines an industrys structure and shapes the nature of competitive interaction within an industry. (Porter E., 2008:25) Rivalry among Existing Competitors Although Hong Kong is a small city with limited area, however, the Ocean Park had been open since 1977 and being the largest theme park in Hong Kong. Throughout the time, the Park had no major competitor for more than 20 years until the other theme park was confirmed to construct in Hong Kong, The Disneyland Hong Kong. This has created intense competition greatly decrease the market share of Ocean Park. Threat of New Entrant The increase of new theme parks in other East Asia country has created the threats posed by the entry of new competitors. This has forced the numbers of visit down and put much more pressure to the entry numbers for both local and international visitors. Moreover, as stated on the above, the limited space of Hong Kong to set up another new theme park among Ocean Park and Disneyland will be very difficult. In such case, the force of the threat of new entrant is considered low comprising those factors. Threat of the Substitutes The Park provides the entertainment business in Hong Kong and to retain visitors mainly by fun and education. However, from the view of micro environment to the provision of the entertainment business, it would possibly has other substitutes service that providing the similar services, just likes the Ngong Ping 360 and The Peak Experience, etc. These new travel scenic spots provide similar services and experiences to retain those visitors. Bargaining Power of Buyers The power of buyers refers to the ability of the customers to be able to negotiate the prices from the seller. Consumers have little influence over the manufacturers and service providers in negotiating prices. The Ocean Parks is a theme park that combines with the thrill rides that providing the visitors an exciting experience while the other hand to provide with the connection of natural through conservation and breeding programs undertaken for its unique collection of insects, fishes, birds and marine mammals. These unique experiences could only be founded in the Ocean Park and thus the bargaining power of buyers in considered low. Bargaining Power of Suppliers The Ocean Park named the worlds 15th-ranked theme park base on the annual attendance by the Themed Entertainment Association and Economics Research Associates, the huge number of the visitors that enable the park a strong negotiation power with its suppliers, especially the food suppliers for the Bayview Restaurant, Terrace Cafà ©, Headland Rides, Panda Cafà © and the Middle Kingdom Restaurant located inside the park. Refers to the Fig. 1.2 at the appendix, the income by the catering service was increased from more than three million Hong Kong Dollars from 2008 to 2009. Although, the sales of goods had a slightly decrease, however, there were additional income from the commission of franchised retails store. This would show the attraction of doing business in Ocean Park could reflect to a significant revenue to the franchised store. For instance, the suppliers or the manufacturers of those foods and souvenir are also considered has low bargaining power to the Ocean Park. These fact ors were comprised because of the huge numbers of the visitor attendance. 2.2 PESTEL Analysis There are many factors that could affect the decision of the organization in the macro-environment. The PESTEL analysis comprises five major elements including Political, Economic, and Environmental, Social, Technological and Legal factors. These factors describe a framework of macro-environment and used to identify the changes and possible barriers in the macro-environment all around the organization. (Oxford University Press, PESTEL analysis of the macro-environment. URL: http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199296378/01student/additional/page_12.htm ) Political The huge numbers of annual attendance enable the Ocean Park named the worlds 15th-ranked theme park among those related associations. Moreover, this annual attendance is mainly domain by the political changes in Hong Kong and China. In the recent years, the Hong Kong and China Government launches the self-tour-guided program which allows the residence in the approved province to visits Hong Kong freely, and the approved numbers of China province that put into the this program was expanded from time to time. Hence, the visitors from China were increasing over the years. Refers to the Figure 1.3 in the appendix, it shows the number of visitor arrivals by country / territory of residence (Census and Statistics Department, 2010) from 2008 to 2009. This indicated the visitors from the Mainland China were the largest numbers accounted among those countries. Economic With reference to the Figure 1.5 and 1.6, this indicated the financial statement of the Ocean Park in year 2008 to 2009. (Ocean Park, Annual Report, 2009) The overall operation expenditure is keeping risen up in the years, such as employees benefits, maintenance and other advertising and promotion cost is raised up to maintain the normal operation of the Park. Unfortunately, the admission income and other revenue are oppositely reducing. These unfavorable factors bring the threat to the Park in operation. Social In the recent years, the tourism industry in Hong Kong is major from the visitors from the Mainland China since the population growth rate is decreasing and the ageing population rate is oppositely increasing. Figure 1.4 on the appendix shows the approach of population growth rate, it is very obvious that the age group from 5 to 14 is decreasing and that would possibly leads the Park loses the attendance from this group. Moreover, the Ocean Park had launched various programs to encounter this threat to become opportunity. Technological The technological improvement enhances the Ocean Park continue to breed the rare marine mammals, panda and other insect. The living area for those rare creatures require a stable room temperature, humidity or other special requirements since they are migrated from the other environment which may different from Hong Kong. The improvement in technological development enhances the stability to let them adapt in new environment. Environmental Environmental issues have been an important topic over the world. Motor vehicles are the main cause of high concentrations of respirable suspended particulates and nitrogen oxides at street level in Hong Kong. The Government introduced a comprehensive program in 2000 to tackle this problem with targets to reduce these two emissions from motor vehicle by 80% and 30% respectively by the end of 2005. (Environmental Protection Department, 2010) Being the environmental leader, the Park launched a Clean Air by Ocean Park project including the first hybrid vehicle operates in Hong Kong. After that, nominated by the HKSAR government in 2000, Ocean Park received funding of HK$10 million by The Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust to replace 22 aged diesel vehicles and gasoline carts with environmental-friendly vehicles, to promote clean-air environment and support global conservation. Legal The Ocean Park Corporation is a statutory body incorporated under the Ocean Park Corporation under the Ocean Park Ordinance (Chapter 388). The Corporations principal activity is to manage and control the Ocean Park as a public recreational and educational park to the public. (Ocean Park, Code of Corporate Governance Practices, 2009) Since the Ocean Park Corporation became statutory body, its internal operation and the establishment of the management team is appointed by the Government of the HKSAR. This legal factor makes the operation of the Park bonded by the Government and loses its independence. The above analysis pointed out the opportunity, threat, strength and weaknesses of the Ocean Park in the macro-environment. The technological changes, social and the environmental factors would be the most favorable factors to the Park for future development. However, there would be threats from the political and economic issues to the Park since it will depend on the governments decision and also not controllable factors. 2.3 Internal Analysis Resource-based View The resource-based view is a business management tool used to determine the strategic resources available to a company. The fundamental principle of the resource-based view is that the basis for a competitive advantage of a firm lies primarily in the application of the bundle of valuable resources at the firms disposal. (Wernerfelt B, 1984:172) On the other hand, strategic capability is also another element to determine the success of the organization. Strategic Capability is the ability to perform at the level required for success. It is underpinned by the resources and competences of the organization. (Johnson Gerry Scholes Kevin, 2008:23) Throughout the analysis in both competitive forces and the macro-environment in the related industry, the capabilities of the Ocean Park have been identified in its business strategy. Core Competence A core competency can take various forms, including technical/subject matter know-how, a reliable process and/or close relationships with customers and suppliers. (Hamel, G. Prahalad, C.K., 1990) It may also include product development or culture, such as employee dedication. On the other hand, the core competences are those activities that underpin competitive advantage and are difficult from competitors to imitate or to obtain. Several shows theatre in the Ocean Park is unique and it is difficult and impossible to obtain by its competitors, such as the shows by birds, sea lion and other marine mammals. Unique Resources Unique resources are resources that create competitive advantage and are difficult to imitate, they critically underpin competitive advantage. (Johnson Gerry Scholes Kevin, 2008:24) The unique resources of the Ocean Park enable its competitive advantages to the competitors. The most valuable physical assets of the Ocean Park are those rare marine mammals and the panda given by the Mainland China. These national treasures are value inestimable and they elaborate their attraction to the visitors. These treasures could only be found in the Ocean Park and other theme park does not have the same resources in Hong Kong. Furthermore, the Ocean Park has been opened for more than 30 years in Hong Kong; it has already built up goodwill to the local peoples. The education, conservation and natural scenic environment are the intangible resources of the Park and these resources enhance the Park to develop its brand and goodwill over the years. Chapter 3 TOWS Analysis The TOWS Matrix is an analytical tool to matching the environmental threats and opportunities with the companys weakness and its strengths. (Heinz Weihrich, 1982) Throughout the PESTEL and internal analysis of the Ocean Park, some areas have been identified as the threats and opportunities for the future development of the Park. As analyzed in the PESTEL analysis, the political and economic factors would be the threats to the Ocean Park in future development. Since the attendances are mostly likely by the visitors from the Mainland China, however, this would depends on the policy changes by both Government and it would not be possibly controlled by the Ocean Park. Furthermore, the risen up of employees benefits, the maintenance and other advertising and promotion cost would also be the threats to the Park. On one hand, the reducing admission also leads to the revenue drop in the recent years. Such huge expenditure and uncontrollable factors would be the major weakness to the operation of the Park. As stated above the unique resources and the core competences would be the strength of the Ocean Park while compare with its major competitors. Moreover, to overcome the threats that the Park is encountering, the Corporation had launches some special program likes wedding ceremonies to tackle the low birth rate and changed the target customers to another age range. The Ocean Park Halloween Bash launches to attract more local visitors to stave off from the policy changes by the self-tour-guided visitors of the Mainland China. Chapter 4 Conclusion for Strategy Recommendations After conducted several analysis of different environments to the Ocean Park, the result from those analysis comes to the end and some business strategies of the Ocean Park were identified. First of all, in coping with the five competitive forces, (Porter E. Michael, 2008) there are three potentially successful generic strategic approaches to outperforming other firms in an industry. The cost leadership, differentiation and the focus strategy. (Porter E Michael, 1980) In view of the Ocean Park performing, the differentiation strategy is employed. A differentiation strategy is appropriate to adopted where the target customer segment is not price-sensitive, the market is competitive or saturated, customers have very specific needs which are possibly under-served, and the firm has unique resources and capabilities which enable it to satisfy these needs in ways that are difficult to copy. The Ocean Park differentiates itself through the unique iconic attractions by rare animals and natural scenic environment which other theme park in Hong Kong could not be easily provided. On one hand, the brand Ocean Park had already embedded to most of the local residents and foreign visitors, the advertising and branding enhances value propositions and sustainable differentiation is concisely develop with a range of activities uniquely that impact on the customer purchase decision. Furthermore, the overall environment enhances to provide education and conservation to all the attendances. Although new competitors had already entered into the market, however, with the aims of the Ansoffs Matrix (Ansoff. I, 1957), the Ocean Park is recommended to taking action by market penetration and product development to obtain stable and sustainable development. Market penetration occurs when a company enters/penetrates a market with current products. The best way to achieve this is by gaining competitors customers which means the part of the market share. Other ways include attracting non-users of your product or convincing current clients to use more of your product or service, with advertising or other promotions. Market penetration is the least risky way for a company to grow. The Ocean Park should differentiate itself by existing services to gain the market share from its competitors, just likes the rare animals that enable continuous penetration to the existing market. On the other hand, the product development is also another strategy that the Park could employs. A firm with a market for its current products might embark on a strategy of developing other products catering to the same market. The continuous re-development project enable new thrill rides that the competitors may not delivers in short period of time and it would not be p ossible to making the same thrill rides as the Ocean Park. Frequently, when a firm creates or to usher in with new products, it can gain new customers for these products or services. Hence, new product development can be a crucial business development strategy for firms to stay competitive. In addition, strategic alliance of subcontracting may also be considered in the development of the Park. Strategic alliance is where two or more organizations share resources and activities to pursue a strategy. In the case of Ocean Park, the highest maintenance, advertising, promotion and growth of employees benefits would be a high risk to the Corporation to stay competitive in the market. In view of these critical issues, subcontracting alliances method can be considered to tackle this issue and to meet with the stakeholders expectation. To be keeping a health financial status of the Corporation, some of the operational function could be subcontracted out to lower the operation cost from direct labor generated. Last but not least, the Ocean Park has continuously makes the improvement through different strategies. Throughout this study, understood that the Park has retained its best to meet with its stakeholders expectation and cope with its mission statement, Ocean Park provides all guests with memorable experiences that combine entertainment and education, while inspiring lifelong learning and conservation advocacy. Our aim is to maintain a healthy financial status, while striving to deliver the highest standards of safety, animal care, products and guest service Appendix Fig. 1.1 Porter 5 Forces Model Source: Harvard Business Review, 2008 Fig. 1.2 Note to Financial Statement Source: Ocean Park, Annual Report 2008 2009 Fig. 1.3 Visitors Arrivals by Country / Territory of Residence Source: Census and Statistics Department URL: www.censtatd.gov.hkFileManagerENContent_807transport.pdf Fig. 1.4 Resident Population Approach Source: Census and Statistics Department URL: www.censtatd.gov.hk_showtablecust.jsp Fig. 1.5 Notes to the Financial Statement Source: Ocean Park, Annual Report 2008 2009 Fig. 1.6 Revenue Statement Source: Ocean Park, Annual Report 2008 2009

Criminal Activity Then and Now Essay -- Criminal Justice, Law

Criminal Activity Then and Now Criminal justice is composed of many lateral departments that help us as a society to better understand the process that is started when criminal activity is suspected. We will examine how individuals learn how to commit crime and what motivates them to do so. This paper will discuss the steps that are taken once a crime is determine and how the Criminal Justice System is put into place to help solve and come to some type of resolution for the crime. This paper will further discuss the types of deterrence that are placed into society minds to help curve criminal behavior and activity. After reading this paper the reader should have a better understanding on how the Criminal Justice System works and why it is needed help promote a safe environment for our society. In order to understand what crime is we must first look at the definition of what criminal activity is. The term crime comes from a classification of wrongdoing that were established by state or Congress as a felony or misdemeanor, which is committed against a public law. Crime is defined as all deviance involving violating norms, but some norms attract the attention of the authorities. Acts that have been declared illegal by some authority are called crime (Curry, Jiobu, & Schwirian, 1999). Crime develops from the wanting of certain things that attract or bring attention to certain individuals. A subject that is involved in breaking the law or a moral can be considered a criminal suspect according to the law. Crimes can range from violating less serious traffic code, which is basically a breach of a charter that is imposed by a city and up to the more serious things like murder. Anything that goes against the penal system of a country i... ..., 2010). Criminal Justice is composed of many lateral departments that help us define and better understand how crime can come about in our society. Crime can be learned and used to help one satisfy their personal gain and utilized to replace what is missing. Crime can be reduced by developing rules that enhance the social support that is needed to help families and the community educate them to keep their surrounding safe. By implementing custodial control and punishment can deter some crime but not eliminate it altogether. The criminal justice system is not a system that will stop crime but more of guidelines that come with committing crimes. Our society deserve to live in a safe and healthy environment and by providing policies and rules that help regulate criminal activity will ensure our society that crime will be prosecuted and carried out to the fullest.

African American Essay

On October 23rd, 2006, a then 24 year old Dorothy Webb stood outside her Mississippi home. Fearing eviction from her home for non-payment of rent, Dorothy decided to do something drastic to save the only home she had grown to love. She walked to ‘the bottom’ which was almost 9 miles away, in an attempt to make a deal with a local drug dealer to sell crack cocaine and earn a profit. â€Å" I was truly scared because although I’ve been in the midst of the drug game as an outsider, I knew the consequences of selling drugs down south. They put my momma away for 8 years because my brother was selling drugs out of her house and she wasn’t even involved. I knew that if they could do that to her to and she didn’t even do anything, I was in real danger of getting even more time if I got caught. But it was between eating and living or being on the streets, so I made a choice that I could live with. I wanted to live in my house with food in my mouth. † According to Dorothy, she waited for days before she sold the drugs that she obtained from ‘the bottom‘. â€Å" I danced and danced around the idea in my head many days before I made my first sale, but I finally did it and it didn’t feel bad to me. By the end of it all, I had made ten sales, I had food in my mouth, and my rent was paid up so I could stay in my house,† Dorothy admits. Dorothy states that she only made those 10 sales, which was enough for her to pay rent and buy food until she was able to get back on her feet. â€Å"Almost a year after I sold the drugs, I was doin’ real good†¦ real good. I had kept my house and I had a job and a car all in that one year. I just kept workin’ and workin’ till one day, the police came to my house and arrested me for selling drugs to an undercover officer, and I was devastated. I mean, I know it was wrong to do so and against the law. I knew that I would get in trouble, but I never could have imagined that it would be as long as I was told. I mean c’mon! Murderers do less time than drug dealers do so where does that leave me, this one person tryin’ to live? During my sentencing, I cried until no more tears could flow. I was facing 20 years for the 10 sales that I made in the last year. After my sentencing, I ran to Illinois to be with my family until I was caught last week on a technicality† (D, Webb, personal communication, February, 2008). Dorothy Webb remains in a St. Clair county Illinois jail awaiting transport to Mississippi where she will start serving out her sentence. Dorothy’s story is not unlike many other African American men and women whom face years of their lives behind bars for drug trafficking and other related drug charges. Irreversible effects from drug related racial profiling and disparity should be stopped in relation to the African American community by way of rehabilitation for offenders and judicial officials. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Cocaine is a white powder substance originating from the coca plant dating as far back as the 11th century. It was used in the early 1800s to treat an assortment of common ailments ranging from hiccups to pneumonia. Presently, cocaine has been deemed very addictive and has been illegal in the United States for over 100 years. Cocaine can be snorted through the nose or used to intravenously. Crack cocaine is a free based substance that is used for smoking. It is produced by combining baking soda and cocaine and is cooked to generate a hard, rock-like material. Because the crack cocaine has been altered, using more baking soda than cocaine, it results in being a cheaper drug that requires less to cause a ‘high’ feeling (Lu, Taylor, & Riley, 2001, p. 399). From a socio-economic standpoint, the black community, consisting of mostly the poor or working class can afford crack, while whites whom generally consist of middle class families, thus financially stable, chose cocaine as a drug of choice. It is relatively clear that many users of crack cocaine consist of mostly individuals from the African American community. Many admit to using and selling the drug, however, evidence shows that white Americans produce an even higher population of illicit drug abusers and those whom traffic drugs as well. Although drug abuse among blacks is easily visual in ‘crack houses’ and even effortless drug sales on street corners, whites are not as flamboyant when it comes to drug use, conversely, middle America is now pressed with an overwhelming methamphetamine dilemma. Nevertheless, many professionals concerned with the sociological aspects of drug solicitation in African American communities across the nation scrutinize the domino effect resulting from wide-spread drug quandary such as child abandonment, school dropout rates, and deteriorating homes. In fact, Kennedy states that â€Å"Law enforcement naturally and logically focuses on those communities where illegal drug use has created the most harmful and most visible effects†¦ More generally, illegal drug use is seen as devastating African-American communities in a way that is not seen outside the inner city. People losing jobs, kids dropping out of school, parents neglecting or abandoning their children–all of these social costs are more readily seen in the inner city than in the more affluent white communities where illegal drug use seems to be relatively benign. Even more to the point, illegal drug use in the inner city is seen as crimogenic–the inner -city user of illegal drugs is thought to be more likely to steal or commit some other crime to finance his drug use† ( 2003, p. 154). The theoretical reasoning behind the abuse of crack cocaine in the black community has been speculated as the end result of a people in dire need, monetarily and emotionally, nonetheless, these outcomes resulting from drug infested communities do not constitute the racial disparity that is currently occurring throughout the nation, however, the issues do cause a need for probable concern . The illicit use and distribution of crack cocaine is steadily ricocheting through the African American community. In fact, according to Angeli, â€Å"The increase in the rates of incarceration of young black males is due primarily to the focus of the ‘war on drugs’ on black drug users. For drug offenses, the African American proportion of arrests increased from 24% in 1980 to 39% in 1993, even though African Americans comprise only 13% of monthly drug users. From 1986 to 1990, the number of minority jail inmates increased more than twice as fast as the number of white inmates, and the increase in the number of arrests of minorities for drug offenses was almost ten times the increase in arrests of white drug offenders† (1997, p. 1213). It is undisputable that this jump in the number of incarceration of blacks was initiated due to the passing of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984. Under the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984, congress enabled sentencing commissions to guide the legislature of punishments for crack and cocaine possession offences. Subsequently, the commission ruled that â€Å"At every quantity level federal defendants convicted of a crack cocaine offense receive the same sentences as powder cocaine defendants convicted of an offense involving 100 times as much cocaine (Angeli, 1997, p. 1212). It seems that these laws were put into place to purposely capture blacks in the system given that the Judicial system is aware that all crack possessions are in the hands of blacks by a very larger margin than any other race. This can be corroborated with current percentages contrasted to earlier figures from the1920s before these laws were enacted. Compared to the early 1900s, when African Americans only made up less than 20% of the prison population for illicit possession of alcohol and drugs, while foreign-born whites accounted for over 40%. In 1992, 92. 6% of drug offenders were African American and 4. 7% were white and possessed pure cocaine (Elden, 2005). At present, over 1/3 of the total black male population is wedged in the judicial system involving imprisonment, parole, or probation, thus proving that race seems to be the issue in the current war on drugs. In previous combats in the war on drugs, other races were equally targeted just as contemporary matters of racial disparity. In the early 1920s, foreign born immigrants, whom made up much of the American population then were the predominately incarcerated culprits for drug trafficking and or distribution. Contemporary legislature has made the proper amendments to finally put an end to the racial disparity regarding blacks and crack cocaine sentences. In the later part of 2007, in the case of United States v. Kimbrough, Defendant Derrick Kimbrough was initially convicted and sentenced to 168 to 210 consecutive months for three counts of conspiracy to distribute 50 grams of crack cocaine. This decision was lessened by district courts to a total sentence of 120 months for all three charges and 60 consecutive months for possession of a firearm in connection to his arrest for the drug charges. This one case is a landmark case that will begin with the release of those whom have served a significant amount of time towards less severe charges related to crack cocaine and will lessen the amount of time given to those whom are tried and convicted of illicit drug crimes involving crack cocaine. SUGGESTIONS Although the damage has been done, thus forever disparaging the trust of black people in today’s justice system, things can still be done in an attempt to reverse illegitimate imprisonment of blacks for miniscule drug offenses. The war on drugs should simultaneously preserve our country’s promise to liberty and justice to each individual, equally regardless of race, stature, or background. If in fact the war on drugs is to combat all forms of illicit drug use and or trafficking, subsequently, all drugs should be charged consistently relative to quantity. Not only is the 100 to 1 ratio law unfair but it is also racially charged. It is apparent that the judicial system is aware of this racial activity that is continually produced by the members of government and courts, and have thus began to amend laws. However, regardless of these current revisions, more lenient laws should also be inserted concerning all first time offenders. For quantities less than 20 grams, no time should be served at all and incidents should be regarded as a misdemeanors, requiring community service and or fines. Amounts less than 10 pounds should result in months and not years in jail time as well. Additionally, rehabilitation programs for drug offenders as well as court officials should be created. Just as drug rehabilitation programs for drug abusers aid in job placement programs and drug dependency, drug distributors should also have to attend similar programs that are geared towards the rehabilitation of drug dependency as a way of career. If these offenders could understand the fundamentals behind their professions, it would be probable that they would return to their communities, not as an vandals, but as a productive member of society and their community. It may also be a good idea to implement drug addicts into their program as well, in order to reveal insight into the lives of those whom they have destroyed. If these programs could be implemented and utilized, it is very probable that there would be a significantly less amount of repeat offenders as well. Lastly, many officials believe that many members of law enforcement have very little role in the prosecution of crack cocaine holders. However, law enforcement officials are responsible for obtaining criminals. Racial disparity begins in this area first. As stated earlier, officers logically pursue areas where drugs have the most detrimental effects, however If equal focus would be put upon all races to prohibit the distribution of drugs, eventually, all areas of drug distribution would eventually subdue, principally the methamphetamine business. CONCLUSIONS Although the end results of drug use or distribution are riveted throughout the African American community, either through school dropout rates, child abandonment or neglect, and job loss, the effects of unfair drug sentences are equivalently devastating. More than 1/3 of the black male population have been witness to some form of the judicial prejudice through incarceration, parole, or probation, and the number is steadily increasing each year. It is more than probable that race is the intended target for these drug wars that are presently occurring, whilst this has happened previously in an earlier time. During the early 1920s, foreign-born immigrants were the targets during the first war against drugs in the United States, while African American men made up less than 20% of the total incarcerated population. At this time, the judicial system has commenced realization of these racially charged attacks on the African American community, thus lessening the sentencing of crack cocaine offenders. This was proved in a recent landmark case, The United States v. Kimbrough. In this case, Derrick Kimbrough’s lengthy 168 to 210 consecutive month sentence was cut down to a little more than half at 120 consecutive months. Although the court system has made this advancement in this area, further innovations must also be met as well. Progression within drug distribution rehabilitation programs should also be implemented. For instance, former drug distributors should be enrolled in some of the same programs that drug abusers undergo. These offenders should be allowed to hear the testimonies of the many lives that they have destroyed due to drug distribution and dependency as a profession. Additionally, programs should be executed, allowing each offender job placement and job training so that their likelihood of returning to that lifestyle will be greatly reduced. Members of the courts should also be counseled as well to allow insight into the lives of the people that they convict, therefore, sentencing will be fair and relevant to each case, instead of an overall depiction of that type of society. Members of law enforcement should also take rehabilitation classes that will allow them to equally focus on all areas of society that is ridden with drugs instead of primary focus on the black community. If these measures were considered and utilized, United States would be on its way to a less racially prejudiced society.

Summarize. During The Conference, Professor Angeline Shared

Summarize During the conference, Professor Angeline shared that she was very satisfied with my project idea. She also believes in the benefits of mentorship in the workplace. She also shared with me some of the concerns she had about my project. She told me that I should think about the financial benefits of the Mentorship Program. Why is it worth their time and money to implement the mentorship program? I have contacted the director of the Internship Pathways Program (IPP) to discuss this matter in more detail. Professor Angeline also brought up a great point about how â€Å"not everyone is built to be an educator†. Coming from an education background, I wholeheartedly agree that we cannot assume that all experienced interns will do a good†¦show more content†¦In my Preliminary Topic Memo, I stated that â€Å"mentors can also reap the benefits of a Mentorship Program†, but I neglected to explain how that will be possible. While I was first developing the idea of the program, I completely overlooked the fact that not everyone is built to be a mentor. For many of the interns, this will be their first time teaching someone. At my meeting with Ms. Eason, I brought up the idea of a training session for mentors and she was very pleased to see that the program caters towards not only the mentees but also the mentors. She even suggested throwing a pizza party for the mentors to show appreciation and get feedback directly from them. This was an eye-opening moment for me because all this time I had only thought of ways to improve satisfaction rates of the new interns. However, the mentors are also interns as well and Ms. Eason wants to increase the retention rate of all interns, not just the new interns. This realization helped me broaden my perspective and think about how the Mentorship Program can increase the satisfaction rate of all interns, both new and experienced. The Story After talking with Professor Angeline and Ms. Eason, I have come to the conclusion that a Values-in-Action story is most suitable for my proposal. The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) is an agency of the United States government that provides timely and